“Egorka is standing in a red skullcap,” remember the children’s riddle about the boletus mushroom? What kind of hat is this?
The yarmulke is the hat of God-abiding Jews. So this name is pronounced in Yiddish, and in Hebrew it sounds like “kipa”. The stress can occur both on the first syllable - in Israel, and on the second syllable - among Jews in Russia.
Traditional Jewish hat
A yarmulke is a men's headdress, traditional for the Jewish people, - a small light cap that covers the top of the head, fits tightly to the head, round in shape without brim or band. Can be made of fabric or knitted from threads.
Symbolizes modesty, piety, humility and devotion to God.
Origin
Linguistics experts will certainly note the consonances of the word “yarmulke,” as the headdress is called in the languages of different nations. Most likely, it came from the Turkic yagmurluk, which means “raincoat”.
A little later it was borrowed by the Slavs. In Old Russian there is a word emurluk with the same meaning.In Polish jarmułka means "hat".
Jews give two options for the origin of the name yarmulke. The phrase yare malka - translated as “awe of the King”, the King means God. Or yere me-elokah, literally from Hebrew - “he who fears God.”
Reference! "Kippa" is translated as "dome" or "protection." In French and Italian, there are also words with a similar meaning and similar sound - calotte (French), calotta (Italian).
Kinds
In Jewish clothing stores, there is a large assortment of yarmulkes on the shelves, which vary:
- by size;
- by color not only of the top, but also of the lining;
- by material – velvet, silk;
- by style - four-, six- and eight-wedge;
- in shape – pointed and flat;
- in terms of finishing - smooth, embroidered, knitted, trimmed with fur or with a tassel, a pompom on the top.
The variety of species is determined by the traditions of the community to which the owner of the kippah belongs. So, truly, a brother-in-law sees a brother-in-law - Jews wear headdresses - from afar.
How they were worn before and how they are worn today
If Christian men, entering the temple, take off their hats, thereby showing reverence for God, then Jews, on the contrary, wear a kippah as a sign of special reverence for the Almighty.
It is worn in the temple, during prayer and study of the Torah (the Jewish religious Law, the Pentateuch of Moses), during meals, as a sign of mourning for the dead, in honor of the coming of age holiday (bar mitzvah). Orthodox Christians almost never take off their yarmulkes.
The yarmulke is worn as an independent headdress, and is left under another national headdress - a hat or fur cap.
Such a small hat is held on the head with the help of a special clothespin.
Orthodox Jews prefer to wear hats, modern liberal Orthodox choose small knitted kippahs.
Reference! It's not just Jews who love the little round hat. In Russia, aristocrats allowed themselves to wear a yarmulke. Along with a robe and dressing gown (a loose jacket made of soft fabric), it was considered the home clothes of noble gentlemen.
The Pope also wears a white headdress, similar to a kippah, at official events. This is the traditional cap of Catholic priests, which they put on immediately after being ordained. Cardinal Richelieu had the right to wear a red cap; black means belonging to the abbey.
A yarmulke, a small round cap, is present as an attribute of an academic degree in portraits of famous academicians. Old guard science professors wear it to this day.
And when a character from sunny Georgia appears in a Soviet film, he sports an aerodrome cap if he is a city resident. Shepherds in mountain villages appeared on the screen wearing a small gray felt hat trimmed with braid, which is very reminiscent of a skull cap...
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